In October 2024, researchers from the University of Wrocław’s Institute of Archaeology began a new phase of excavations in southern Peru. Their focus is on the Atico River Valley and nearby coastal zones. The international team uncovered unique stone structures and ceremonial burial sites, shedding light on pre-Inca societies in the region.
Discovery of Burial Ground at El Curaca Site
Among the most remarkable findings is a burial ground at the El Curaca site, featuring circular stone-lined tombs containing the remains of 24 individuals—adults and children—interred alongside intricate grave goods. These included pottery, tools crafted from bone and stone, and finely woven textiles, now undergoing meticulous preservation.
Anthropological Analysis and Significance of the Tombs
Anthropological analysis revealed that all individuals sustained fatal injuries, suggesting they perished during violent conflict. Despite their traumatic deaths, the care taken in their burial—paired with offerings of high value—indicates the community honored them as revered figures, potentially celebrating their role in a victorious struggle.
Cultural Insights from the Grave Goods
The pottery styles align with the Chuquibamba (Aruni) culture, centered in the Majes River basin south of Atico. This connection underscores the community’s organized social structure, sophisticated craftsmanship, and ritual traditions. Researchers note that the grave items reflect both ceremonial significance and advanced technical skill, highlighting the culture’s artistic legacy.
Advanced Preservation and Research Methods
Beyond fieldwork, the project involves detailed laboratory analysis, particularly of fragile textiles requiring specialized conservation. Advanced 3D modeling of recovered skulls has enabled precise documentation of injuries and physical features, offering deeper insights into the lives and deaths of those buried.
Multidisciplinary Research Team and Ongoing Efforts
Led by Professor Józef Szykulski and funded by Poland’s National Science Center, the initiative includes experts from the University of Wrocław, the Archaeological Museum of Gdańsk, and collaborators across Peru, Colombia, and Mexico. This multidisciplinary effort continues to unravel the mysteries of the Chuquibamba culture, bridging gaps in our understanding of pre-Inca heritage.
